6 Disappeared LinkedIn® Partner Applications and What to Do About Them †Part V WordPress (and RSS Feeds)

6 Disappeared LinkedIn ® Partner Applications and What to Do About Them †Part V WordPress (and RSS Feeds) The WordPress and BlogLink applications on LinkedIn used to be a dependable method to send week by week blog entries to your LinkedIn profile. Each of the a blogger needed to do was download the application and partner the blog’s RSS channel (basically the connection to your blog entries) to LinkedIn. Never again is this helpful component accessible. As of recently prior, I would have proposed a fix that involves mentioning your RSS channel to be conveyed naturally to your most loved LinkedIn gatherings, or maybe beginning a LinkedIn gathering so you can send your channel to that gathering. Not any longer. LinkedIn has declared that as of March 15, 2013, clients may no longer organization RSS channels to bunches through LinkedIn. The advantages and disadvantages of this move by LinkedIn have been discussed. On the positive side, the end of RSS channels to bunches implies less potential for spamming. A genuine individual needs to go in and post an article, possibly stemming the inexorably overpowering progression of presents on LinkedIn gatherings. Then again, a lot of this robotized content gives significant data to gather individuals and spikes discussion and discussion. Will the lavishness of gathering discussions be lessened without the comfort of computerized posting? The reality of the situation will become obvious eventually †¦ In the interim, the inquiry remains: How would you be able to send your worth rich substance to your LinkedIn gatherings? One spot to look is the LinkedIn Help theme, Anyone have a workaround for the disposal of RSS channels in gatherings? Here are a few thoughts: 1. Post conversations physically to your LinkedIn gatherings. Manual posting of articles is a method I have been using from the start, and I trust it offers some incentive to my gatherings and gives me perceivability. I don’t simply present the connection on a helpful article †I post the whole article with the goal that individuals don’t need to strive to peruse the substance. In the event that you present an article on a gathering, it assists with posing an inquiry to spike conversation, as opposed to just post the article. By just staying an article on the conversation page, you hazard showing up â€Å"spammy† and are less inclined to produce beneficial discussions about your subject. 2. Use HootSuite to present blog passages on your Activity Updates. The HootSuite alternative requires setting up a HootSuite account in the event that you don’t have one as of now. In the wake of signing in to HootSuite, drift over the dispatch bar on the left half of your record. Snap on Settings RSS/Atom: Snap the + sign to include another feed. You may need to move up to a paid record ($5.99/month) to utilize this element. Glue your feed URL in the field gave. At that point select the social destinations you might want the feed to post to. Alter some other favored choices and Save Feed. 3. Post physically to Activity Updates. A basic, free approach to share blog articles is to present the connection separately on your Activity Updates. On the off chance that you blog once/week this arrangement may be the best one for you. You can include joins from either your LinkedIn landing page or the Activity bar on your profile. You at that point have the alternative of sharing the report on LinkedIn and Twitter. Landing page picture: Profile Activity bar picture: Any blog article joins you include will show up your profile in your Activity segment (the top area of the profile). Your updates will likewise show up in LinkedIn Signal, which is a running record of all LinkedIn refreshes that can be found under the News menu. Here’s an example: 4. Post your blog under your Publications area. Add the Publications area to your profile on the off chance that you dont have it as of now. At that point post a live URL that joins straightforwardly to your blog for any individual who needs to investigate! Do you have more thoughts of how to supplant the WordPress application or the gathering RSS channels? If you don't mind share beneath! In the event that you need more tips on the viable utilization of LinkedIn, you may like How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile, the #1 smash hit digital book by Brenda Bernstein! Category:Archived ArticlesBy Brenda BernsteinFebruary 25, 2013

Wave-Particle Duality Definition

Wave-Particle Duality Definition Wave-molecule duality portrays the properties of photons and subatomic particles to display properties of the two waves and particles. Wave-molecule duality is a significant piece of quantum mechanicsâ as it offers an approach to clarify why ideas of wave and molecule, which work in old style mechanics, dont spread the conduct of quantum objects. The double idea of light picked up acknowledgment after 1905, when Albert Einstein portrayed light as far as photons, which displayed properties of particles, and afterward introduced his renowned paper on unique relativity, wherein light went about as a field of waves. Particles That Exhibit Wave-Particle Duality Wave-molecule duality has been shown for photons (light), rudimentary particles, iotas, and atoms. In any case, the wave properties of bigger particles, for example, atoms, have amazingly short frequencies and are hard to recognize and gauge. Old style mechanics is commonly adequate for portraying the conduct of plainly visible elements. Proof for Wave-Particle Duality Various trials have approved wave-molecule duality, yet there are a couple of explicit early analyses that finished the discussion about whether light comprises of either waves or particles: Photoelectric Effect - Light Behaves as Particles The photoelectric impact is where metals emanate electrons when presented to light. The conduct of the photoelectrons couldn't be clarified by traditional electromagnetic hypothesis. Heinrich Hertz noticed that sparkling bright light on terminals improved their capacity to make electric flashes (1887). Einstein (1905) clarified the photoelectric impact as coming about because of light conveyed in discrete quantized parcels. Robert Millikans analyze (1921) affirmed Einsteins depiction and prompted Einstein winning the Nobel Prize in 1921 for his disclosure of the law of the photoelectric impact and Millikan winning the Nobel Prize in 1923 for his work on the rudimentary charge of power and on the photoelectric impact. Davisson-Germer Experiment - Light Behaves as Waves The Davisson-Germer try affirmed the deBroglie speculation and filled in as an establishment for the plan of quantum mechanics. The investigation basically applied the Bragg law of diffraction to particles. The exploratory vacuum device estimated the electron energies dispersed from the outside of a warmed wire fiber and permitted to strike a nickel metal surface. The electron bar could be pivoted to gauge the impact of changing the point on the dispersed electrons. The analysts found that the power of the dispersed shaft topped at specific points. This demonstrated wave conduct and could be clarified by applying the Bragg law to the nickel precious stone grid separating. Thomas Youngs Double-Slit Experiment Youngs twofold cut analysis can be clarified utilizing wave-molecule duality. Produced light moves from its source as an electromagnetic wave. After experiencing a cut, the wave goes through the cut and partitions into two wavefronts, which cover. Right now of effect onto the screen, the wave field crumples into a solitary point and turns into a photon.

Application Tracking now available

Application Tracking now available Now that our fabulous Records Office team has processed all of the mail we have received, we have relaunched the MyMIT Application Tracking. MyMIT Application Tracking This is a good time for you to check up on the status of your application components. The Application Tracking will show what materials we have processed for you. We should have the following: Application Part 1, Application Part 2, Secondary School Report and Transcript, Evaluation A, Evaluation B, Testing Requirements (we should have processed most December testing by now), and, if applicable, Interview Report. What happens if the tracking system is missing something? First, do not worry. We do not assign blame on why we dont have it, we just know that we have not processed it. We will not look at your application unfavorably because it is missing an application component at this time. We will wait a while longer before having it evaluated to give you time to send along another copy. There are still many more weeks of reading to be done, so as long as you get us the copies in a timely manner, there will be no impact. The best way to get us a missing piece is by fax. Our Records Office fax number is (617) 258-8304. It may take 2 to 3 business days for your MyMIT tracking system to reflect new documents faxed to us. We thank you for your patience. If we are missing an evaluation, the teacher may fax a copy to us. If they need another copy of the evaluation form, you can get a PDF from the tracking system. If you had an interview more than two weeks ago and we havent yet processed it, you should fill out the Conducted Interview form on the MyMIT Application Tracking Detail page. We will follow up with your Educational Counselor. If we have not processed standardized test scores that that you had the testing agency send us, then you may fax us a copy of an official score report. We will follow up with the testing agency. If we are missing your TOEFL scores, make sure the name on your application is exactly the same as it is on your TOEFL registration. If it is not, please send us an email with your TOEFL registration name. As mid-year grades are not yet available for most students, we do not expect that most students have sent in the Mid-Year Grade Report. You should send this in as soon as possible after your grades are available. Bottom line: do not stress if we are missing pieces. It happens every year for reasons usually beyond your control. No worries.

Thesis In His Book, No God But God, Reza Aslan Recounts

Thesis: In his book, No god but God, Reza Aslan recounts the history and teachings of Islam in order to deconstruct the barriers within interreligious comprehension. Within the Arabian desert rests the town of Mecca which houses the Ka‘ba, the pantheon site where the all the pagan Arab pilgrims converged to worship their tribal deities. Although no one knows who built the square, roofless structure, or when it was set up, the Ka‘ba became the center of the religious life in pre-Islamic Arabia, the sixth century Anno Domini (AD), is characterized as a time of complex beliefs of no universalism or moral absolutism, neo-animism (providing a host of intermediary deities between the creator god and his creation), and henotheism (belief in a†¦show more content†¦While Muhammad was regarded as an honorable and trustworthy man in the community, he remained unmarried and without any capital or business of his own for twenty five years. After succeeding at almost doubling the expected profit for a caravan, Muhammad was awarded a proposal of marriage from the rich forty-year old widow named Khadija. Although this marriage elevated Muhammad to the upper echelon of society, he felt conflicted by his dual status in society: his renowned reputation and tahannuth (self justification), which led to his seeking of solitude. In 610 AD, Muhammad received his first revelation from Allah, and while he feared madness and contemplated suicide, Muhammad was granted a second revelation from Allah, declaring his sanity and Prophethood. Muhammad thusly began to preach about social reform and the demise of tribal ethic. In 613 AD, Muhammad’s message transitioned into a shahadah: the twofold profession of faith claiming that there is no god but God and Muhammad is God’s Messenger. Although religious proclamation was not new to Mecca, Muhammad’s claim to being unequal from others and attack on the uselessness of the Ka‘ba set him apart from previous prophets. Additionally, this message targeted Muhammad for persecution from the Quraysh, who did not want their religio-system upturned. Despite some persecution and a boycott on trading with

The Use Of Blood Pressure And The Aortic Stiffness

Abstract The pulsatile component of blood pressure has received notable awareness as an important hazard for cardiovascular disease. To anticipate the cardio vascular events central blood pressure measurement plays an important role. If the blood vessel are of high compliance or low stiffness, the pressure exerted on the walls of blood vessel or arteries during the systole is the lowest. But due to wave reflection, the blood pressure in the upper limb does not provide the central blood pressure. Therefore, modern researchers are deeply interested to find a noninvasive method of measuring central blood pressure and the aortic stiffness.†¦show more content†¦Some researcher has suggested that Pulse wave velocity(PWV) method is the convenient way to measure arterial stiffness. But System for measuring of PWV is not accurate. So therefore, it is necessary to increase accuracy by enlargement of sampling rate and distance between sensors for improving the system so that this could be a useful outcome for diagnostic purpose. However, the time delay between backward and forward waves in the central aorta may lead to the prominent feature of backward waves near central blood pressure. In this review we will conceived the methods for improved PWV estimation from central and peripheral blood pressure. The basic scientific principles of Pulse wave velocity through the arterial tree dates back to 1808 with the work of Thomas Young(an English polymath and physician).The relationship between pulse wave velocity (PWV) and arterial wall stiffness is basically calculated from first principles from Newton s second law of motion; F=ma. In clinical diagnosis, several factors are used to measure the artificial stiffness and it was the European society of hypertension who first recognised that PWV is the integral factor of diagnosis and treatment. Methodology This pressure and flow waves in the blood vessel or arteries are measured by a phase velocity which is known as Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV). PWV is defined as speed of energy wave

Critical Response Free Essays

Josh Fuentes Ms. Apshaga English 4 April 2012 Critical response The article â€Å"The Wife-Beater† by Gayle Rosenwald Smith appeared in the newspapers, Chicago Tribune, and the Philadelphia Inquirer. The article states her view on the term â€Å"wife beater†, and the blindness of youth under the age of 25. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Response or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this article, she also explains that the sleeveless undershirt is not the problem; just the term is what bothers her. The author hates how the name upsets her and how folks under the age of 25 years old, do not mind the name of the sleeveless undershirt. She goes on to say how the world defined the wife beater and associated the shirt with men who abuse women, and as a style worn by men who are abusive and unexpectedly wear the shirt. Then, she goes into fashion and how it was popularized in many different ways. She also used an example. The example used was an example about how sporting events in the eighties, which one sits in the sun and leaves marks on the body. After that she went into the factual meaning and the statistics of the violent act of wife beating. Lastly, she ended in a statement about how a person that is 25 years or older should not compare the manliness of the shirt to violence. The article The Wife-Beater is an overreaction to the stereotypical name of a blameless, popular undershirt. This sleeveless undershirt is worn by many people such as business men and women nationwide. This piece of clothing has been in the wardrobe of many businessmen for decades. The author makes interesting points but her proof is very little and based on her opinions. She states all these faults about the name but it does not tie in with the shirt. When the author made the statement about â€Å"individuals in the age group of 25 or younger not seem disturbed about the name†, it troubled me. In my opinion there are more important subjects that need to be taken care of and spoken about besides renaming a piece of clothing. I believe that â€Å"wife-beater† is just a name of the shirt; it does not say that physical abuse is correct or fine. She just wanted to make a connection between domestic violence and the wife beater undershirt to make her point. Unfortunately, a article about her personal view on the subject cannot change what has been established for decades. Domestic violence is a very important subject, but I believe that the way the topic was handled was terrible. She made many interesting points but she backed up her proof with opinions. How to cite Critical Response, Essay examples Critical Response Free Essays Shareef Sharkawi English 103 Dr. Sommerfeldt tuesday-thursday Essay response to â€Å"Happy Endings† In order to respond the question of whether or not Margarete Atwood critiques not only the lives of men and women, but their reading preferences as well, I will demonstrate what is highlighted by a series of experimental fiction scenarios narrated and commented on by Atwood. These scenarios coming together for a common goal; this common goal is educated the readers , and the educational factors tie into the unanimous response of: Yes, Atwood is critiquing the lives of women and men through her illustrations of seemingly very real and everyday experiences of various man and women relationship scenarios which all inevitably (and authentically)end in death. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Response or any similar topic only for you Order Now It has been noted that several renowned feminists had taken certain notice to the level of critique Atwood presents towards women, and were not approved; not bias in the least, she is critical of men too throughout her illustrations. Atwood uses the multitude of relationship scenarios as stories in order to cater to the preferences of the reader(s), as most readers prefer certain storylines that mostly end in benign circumstances, or more commonly one that personally relates to them. In doing so, the author has basically insulted plot readers, for the real world does not have a happy ending. Relationships end in sickness, sadness and death. The end (according to Margarete anyways). Atwood characterizes women based through her representation of relationships of men and women. The characterization and dramatization of women throughout her scenarios aroused suspicions of feminists as to whether or not she was critiquing them. These allegations had some point though. For example, in Story B she depicts women as weak and quite stupid in fact, she does this by allowing her main character to be emotionally abused by a man, while secretly hoping and believing that: â€Å"†This other John (the abuser) will emerge like a butterfly from a cocoon†, meaning his ugly attributes will eventually turn into something much more appealing; someone uch more kind. (282) from my knowledge, this tends to happen quite a bit. Feminists did not approve due to the circumstances that follow her abuse, which in fact is suicide. Upon hearing of John treating a different woman much better than Mary (the abused), she(Mary) writes a note indicating that she intends to take her own life, or attempt to anyways in an attempt to get Johns attention. The manner of which she condu cted her suicide seemed to indicate the author though it was â€Å"lady like† in the sense of using sherry instead of whiskey to drown her life away (282). A clear lack of empowerment of women led to her untimely demise, which is why this particular story leads the majority of critique from feminists in her work. Atwood of course is critical of men too; characterizing them as cold, sex hungry, and ultimately pitiful in the adultery -murder-suicide scenario entitled â€Å"C†. Atwood’s scenarios culminate into what you could say are the typical lives of men and women in modern western societies. Story C illustrates the epitome of weakness in men; security. Had John been content with his life, and wife the carnal craving of wanting more and better would not have overtaken John. Atwood depicts a situation in which the main character, John cheats on his wife for a younger woman(she does it to comfort him of his hair loss, which ties into security of a male), but upon finding his mistress in bed with another man, he is overcome with grief and despair; he then buys a gun and kills his mistress, her lover and finally himself. The insecurity leads John to adultery, which lead to double-murder-suicide. This story illustrates and critiques the weakness of men. Although the characterizations of men and women seem different, Atwood is really toying with the readers in the sense of reading for plot. I believe she has set this story up in accordance to accommodate several types of plot readers; as well as their gender. For example in her statement â€Å"If you want a happy ending, try A† she is essentially stating that if you’re into this type of storybook ending, which Atwood knows most are, stick with and read scenario ‘A’. By doing this, it is solidified that she is indeed critiquing or tailoring her audience to a certain degree regarding male or female plots and plot readers. The general tone of the story further adds to my ascertainment of belittling the plot readers, and says that even though we as humans think we are all very different, we will equally receive the same inevitable authentic end of life through death. The situations were represented in a way, which I believe was designed to appropriate all types of audiences, readers and relationships in Canada, because she indicates † This is Canada, you’ll still end up with ‘A'(Life well and die), though in-between you may get a lustful brawling saga of passionate involvement, a chronicle of our times, sort of. † Atwood is critical of women, and men in this story; it has been noted by feminists that she almost too critical, and this is done through the characterization (or dramatizations) of the women in such stories. Creatively and nearly accurate she depicts several scenarios in order for plot readers to be satisfied. Doing so clearly implies sympathy for those types of readers and it very well may tie into the fact that plot readers seek to envision themselves in the happy ending scenario; which we as the readers of this experimental fiction author know lacks authenticity. Atwood achieves her affects through various scenarios, that happen to inevitably end as they should; authentically. Authenticity of an ending, according to Atwood is justified through the â€Å"happiness level†, which means if it ends in anything, but death(s) consider it falsified. How to cite Critical Response, Papers Critical Response Free Essays Order and chaos take the shape of Nurse Ratchet and Randal McCarthy, rest fictively. The battle is really simply a tug of war, with control hanging in the balance. Before M zymurgy arrives to the ward, Big Nurse has total control. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Response or any similar topic only for you Order Now Broaden explains her control by call Eng her, essentially, a machine. He narrates, â€Å"practice has steadied and strengthened her unit I now she wields a sure power that extends in all directions on hairline wires too small for anybody odds eye but mine† (16). The use of machinery to explain her control shows how precise It It, ho w orderly. McCarthy, on the other hand, is chaotic. However, he too is striving for control by rest ;sting authority. Perhaps because of his history in the Korean War, McCarthy feels the nee d to rebel against authority. By rebelling against authority, he makes himself somewhat of an a authoritative Geiger amongst the patients In the hospital. Unlike Ratchet, McCarthy Is a figure of h pope and not of monotonous scheduling. This is most apparent when McCarthy takes on his o win form of therapy session by taking the men on a fishing trip. In doing so, he made people like George feel needed, and for Chief, â€Å"l smelt the air and felt the four cans of beer I’d drunk shortly g out dozens of control leads down inside me: all around, the chrome sides of the swells flickered a ND flashed in the sun† (209). Musher’s tactics were much more therapeutic than anything Nor SE Ratchet did for these men, because McCarthy made them feel like men. The concept of gender and control also affects the relationship between McCarthy a ND Ratchet. Keyes, in a modernly sexist fashion, uses the male figure to represent auto rite. In the beginning of the novel, Broaden narrates how Ratchet would try to cover up her bread SST because they were an imperfection they symbolize femininity. When McCarthy comes out of the How to cite Critical Response, Papers

West indies federation free essay sample

The former West Indies Federation were consists of 10 British West Indian territories established in January 1958. This federation included Caribbean Islands or territories, then under British control. former federation of 10 British West Indian territories formed in 1958. Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica, and Barbados were the principal members, but the federation included most of the Leeward and Windward islands, then under British control. The seat of government was Port of Spain, Trinidad. Slated for independence in 1962, the federation did not survive its troubled infancy. Jamaica, the most populous and prosperous member, voted (1961) to leave the federation, fearing that it would have to shoulder the burdens of the economically underdeveloped members; Trinidad and Tobago followed suit, and the federation was dissolved in May, 1962. the Federation collapsed due to internal political conflicts existed from 3 January 1958 to 31 May 1962. Established in 1958, the West Indies Federation comprised the ten territories of: Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, Montserrat, the then St Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla, Saint Lucia, St Vincent and Trinidad and Tobago. The Federation as established by the British Caribbean Federation Act of 1956 with the aim of establishing a political union among its members. The Federal government was headed by an Executive Governor-General, appointed by Britain and included: A Prime Minister, A Cabinet, comprising the Prime Minister and ten other elected Members chosen by him During its brief existence (1958-62), a number of fundamental issues were debated with a view to strengthening the Federation. Among these were direct taxation by the Federal ernment, Central planning tor development, Establishment ot a Regional Customs Union and Reform of the Federal Constitution. The issue of direct taxation was particularly controversial. The Federation was not permitted to levy (impose) income tax for at least the first five years of its life. Added to this, were the greatly differing positions among the Territories with respect to how other federal taxes should be levied. In addition, the Federation began quickly to seek to establish federal institutions and supporting structures. It created a federal civil service; established the West Indies Shipping Service (in 1962) to operate two multipurpose ships the Federal Maple and the Federal Palm donated to it by the Government of Canada. It had embarked also on negotiations to acquire the subsidiary of the British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC), namely British West Indies Airways (BWIA). Cooperation in tertiary education was consolidated and expanded during this period. The then University College of the West Indies (UCWI), which was established in 1948 with one campus at Mona, Jamaica, opened its second campus at St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, in 1960. The Federation however faced several problems. These included: the governance and administrative structures imposed by the British; disagreements among the erritories over policies, particularly with respect to taxation and central planning; an unwillingness on the part of most Territorial Governments to give up power to the Federal Government; and the location of the Federal Capital. The decisive development, which led to the demise of the Federation was the withdrawal of Jamaica the largest member after conducting a national referendum in 1961 on its continued participation in the arrangement. The results of the referendum showed majority support in favour of withdrawing from the Federation. This was to lead to a movement within Jamaica for national independence from Britain. It also led to the now famous statement of Dr Eric Williams, the then Premier of Trinidad and Tobago that, one from ten leaves nought, referring to the withdrawal of Jamaica and signifying and Justifying his decision to withdraw Trinidad and Tobago from the Federal arrangement a short while later. The Federation collapsed in January 1962 The West Indies Federation was a short-lived political union that existed from 3 January 1958 to 31 May 1962. Various islands in the Caribbean that were colonies of the United Kingdom, including Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados, Jamaica, and those on he Leeward and Windward Islands, came together to form the Federation, with its capital in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. The expressed intention of the Federation was to create a political unit that would become independent from Britain as a single state†possibly similar to the Canadian Confederation, Australian Commonwealth, or Central African Federation; however, before that could happen, the Federation collapsed due to internal political contlicts . The territories ot the federation eventually became the nine contemporary sovereign states of Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and Trinidad and Tobago; with Anguilla, Montserrat, the Cayman Islands, and Turks and Caicos Islands becoming British overseas territories. In terms of religion, most of the population was Protestant, with significant numbers of Catholics and some Hindus and Muslims (both almost exclusively from the East Indian population). The politics of the embryonic Federation were wrecked by struggles between the federal government and the provincial governments, and between the two largest rovinces Oamaica and Trinidad and Tobago) and the smaller provinces. The West Indies Federation had an unusually weak federal structure. For instance, its provinces were not contained in a single customs union. Thus, each province functioned as a separate economy, complete with tariffs, largely because the smaller provinces were afraid of being overwhelmed by the large islands economies. Also, complete freedom of movement within the Federation was not implemented, as the larger provinces were worried about mass migration from the smaller islands. In this sense, the current European Union can be said to have implemented a more unified conomic space than the West Indian attempt. Nor could the federal government take its component states to task. The initial federal budget was quite small, limiting the federal governments ability to use its financial largesse as a carrot. It was dependent upon grants from the United Kingdom and from its member states. The provincial budgets of Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago were both larger than the federal budget. This led to repeated requests for those states to provide greater financing to the federal government. These requests were not well received, as Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago together lready contributed 85 percent of the federal revenue, in roughly equal portions. Furthermore, the office of the Prime Minister was a weak one. Unlike other Westminster systems with Prime Ministers, the West Indian Federations PM could not dissolve Parliament. Federal problems provinces Oamaica and Trinidad and Tobago) and the smaller provinces. The West Indies Federation had an unusually weak federal structure. For instance, its provinces were not contained in a single customs union. Thus, each province functioned as a separate economy, complete with tariffs, largely because the smaller provinces were fraid of being overwhelmed by the large islands economies. Also, complete freedom of movement within the Federation was not implemented, as the larger provinces were worried about mass migration from the smaller islands. In this sense, the current European Union can be said to have implemented a more unified economic space than the West Indian attempt. Nor could the federal government take its component states to task. The initial tederal budget was quite small, limiting the federal governments ability to use its financial largesse as a carrot. It was dependent upon grants from the United Kingdom and from its member states. The provincial budgets of Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago were both larger than the federal budget. This led to repeated requests for those states to provide greater financing to the federal government. These requests were not well received, as Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago together already contributed 85 percent of the federal revenue, in roughly equal portions. Furthermore, the office of the Prime Minister was a weak one. Unlike other Westminster systems with Prime Ministers, the West Indian Federations PM could not dissolve Parliament. Dissolution Many reasons have been put forward to explain the demise of the federation. These include the utter lack of local popular support, competing insular nationalism, the weakness of the federal government, prohibitions on federal taxation and freedom of movement, inadequacies in the Federal constitution, fundamental changes made to the constitution very early in its existence, political feuds between the influential leaders, the decision of the three most influential politicians not to contest Federal elections, friction between these leaders and the Federal government, the overwhelming concentration of population and resources in the two largest units, eographic and cultural distance between the units, the lack of a history of common administration, and the impact of the period of self-government that followed the promotion from Crown Colony system. However, the immediate catalyst for the dissolution of the Federation was Jamaican discontent. By 1961, there were a number of reasons for Jamaicas dissatisfaction with the state of affairs: Jamaica was fairly remot e from most of the other islands in the Federation, lying several hundred miles to the west. Jamaicas share of the seats in the federal parliament was smaller than its share of the total population of the Federation. It was believed that the smaller islands were draining Jamaicas wealth. Many in Jamaica were upset that Kingston had not been chosen as the federal capital. The most important reason for Jamaican dissatisfaction was the Federations continuing colonial status. Jamaica had Joined the Federation because its leaders had believed that the West Indies would quickly be granted independence. Nearly three years after the formation of the Federation, this had not occurred; meanwhile, smaller British colonies, like Cyprus and Sierra Leone, had gained independence. Thus, many Jamaicans believed that the island ould and should seek independence in its own right. There were also problems with the Federations proposed capital in Chaguaramas, at that time still in the hands of the United States (having leased it as a naval base from the United Kingdom during World War 2). Many of the Caribbean provincial leaders wanted Chaguaramas to be the Federations capital. Provincial leaders such as Norman Manley of Jamaica and Dr Eric Williams pushed for handing over of Chaguramas to the Federation from the US. However the US and the I-JK disagreed and the Federations Prime Minister Grantley Adams denied the provincial leaders from obtaining Chaguramas. For many Jamaicans it appeared that the Federation would then Just hamper their development and movement towards independence. As a result the Bustamante-led Jamaica Labour Party (the local component of the West Indian DLP) successfully forced Manley to hold a referendum in September 1961 on political secession from the Federation. It passed, witn 54% ot the vote, despite the opposition ot Manley, the provinces Chief Minister at the time. Manley himself lost the subsequent island elections in April 1962, and Bustamante became the first Prime Minister of an independent Jamaica on 6 August 1962. After Jamaica left, there was an attempt to alvage a new federation from the wreckage of the old. Much depended on Premier Williams of Trinidad and Tobago, who had stated previously that he wanted a strong federation. Premier Vere Bird of Antigua responded that his province would only be in a federation with Trinidad as an equal partner, not as a little Tobago. He did indicate that a strong federation was acceptable provided that no attempt was made to create a unitary state. Negotiations on this new federation began in September 1961; however, they indicated that Trinidad would have to provide 75 to 80 percent of the new Federations revenue. Also, even though Trinidad would now represent 60 percent of the new Federations population, the proposals under consideration would give it less than half of the seats in parliament.